Profiling cocaine residues and pyrolytic products in wastewater by mixed‐mode liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
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Título: | Profiling cocaine residues and pyrolytic products in wastewater by mixed‐mode liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry |
Autor/a: | González Mariño, Iria Estévez Danta, Andrea Rodil Rodríguez, María del Rosario Silva, Katyeny Manuela da Sodré, Fernando Fabriz Cela Torrijos, Rafael Quintana Álvarez, José Benito |
Centro/Departamento: | Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición e Bromatoloxía Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Investigación e Análises Alimentarias |
Palabras chave: | Crack cocaine | Reversed‐phase ion‐exchange liquid chromatography | Sewage | Solid‐phase extraction | Tandem mass spectrometry | |
Data: | 2019-03-19 |
Editor: | Wiley |
Cita bibliográfica: | González‐Mariño, I, Estévez‐Danta, A, Rodil, R, et al. Profiling cocaine residues and pyrolytic products in wastewater by mixed‐mode liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal. 2019; 11: 1018– 1027. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.2590 |
Resumo: | This work provides a new analytical method for the determination of cocaine, its metabolites benzoylecgonine and cocaethylene, the pyrolytic products anhydroecgonine and anhydroecgonine methyl ester, and the pharmaceutical levamisole in wastewater. Samples were solid‐phase extracted and extracts analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using, for the first time in the illicit drug field, a stationary phase that combines reversed‐phase and weak cation‐exchange functionalities. The overall method performance was satisfactory, with limits of detection below 1 ng/L, relative standard deviations below 21%, and percentages of recovery between 93% and 121%. Analysis of 24‐hour composite raw wastewater samples collected in Santiago de Compostela (Spain) and Brasilia (Brazil) highlighted benzoylecgonine as the compound showing the highest population‐normalized mass loads (300–1000 mg/day/1000 inhabitants). In Brasilia, cocaine and levamisole loads underwent an upsurge on Sunday, indicating a high consumption, and likely a direct disposal, of cocaine powder on this day. Conversely, the pyrolytic product resulting from the smoke of crack, anhydroecgonine methyl ester, and its metabolite anhydroecgonine were relatively stable over the four days, agreeing with a non‐recreational‐associated use of crack |
Descrición: | This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: González‐Mariño, I, Estévez‐Danta, A, Rodil, R, et al. Profiling cocaine residues and pyrolytic products in wastewater by mixed‐mode liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal. 2019; 11: 1018– 1027, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.2590. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions |
Versión do editor: | https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.2590 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10347/20587 |
DOI: | 10.1002/dta.2590 |
E-ISSN: | 1942-7611 |
Dereitos: | © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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