Magnitude and determinants of antibiotic dispensing without prescription in Spain: a simulated patient study
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Título: | Magnitude and determinants of antibiotic dispensing without prescription in Spain: a simulated patient study |
Autor/a: | Zapata Cachafeiro, Maruxa Piñeiro Lamas, María Guinovart, María C. López Vázquez, Paula Vázquez Lago, Juan Manuel Figueiras Guzmán, Adolfo |
Centro/Departamento: | Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina |
Palabras chave: | Antibiotics | Patient simulation | Pharmacies | Spain | |
Data: | 2019 |
Editor: | Oxford University Press |
Cita bibliográfica: | Zapata-Cachafeiro, M., Piñeiro-Lamas, M., Guinovart, M. C., López-Vázquez, P., Vázquez-Lago, J. M., & Figueiras, A. (2019). Magnitude and determinants of antibiotic dispensing without prescription in spain: A simulated patient study. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 74(2), 511-514. doi:10.1093/jac/dky440 |
Resumo: | Objectives : Excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics increases antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and determinants of antibiotic dispensing without prescription in Spain by the simulated patient technique. Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted with all the pharmacies in a region of north-west Spain (n = 977), between December 2016 and January 2017. Four actors visited the pharmacies simulating a respiratory infection. Four incremental levels of pressure were used to obtain an antibiotic. The education and sex of the person who was dispensing and the area where the pharmacy was located were recorded. The effect of these independent variables on the dispensing of an antibiotic without prescription (1 = yes, 0 = no) was modelled by logistic regression. Results : An antibiotic was obtained in 18.83% (95% CI = 16.5%–21.41%) of the visits. The area influenced the dispensing of antibiotics without a medical prescription, with a greater likelihood of dispensing in rural (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.20–2.68) or semi-rural (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.13–2.44) areas than in urban areas. No association was found with the sex or the training of the person who dispensed the antibiotic. In the pharmacies in urban areas, a lower level of pressure was needed to obtain the antibiotic. Conclusions : This study shows that one-fifth of the pharmacies still dispense antibiotics without prescription, especially under patient pressure. A rural setting has been identified as a risk factor for dispensing without prescription, so it must be taken into account for future interventions. |
Versión do editor: | https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky440 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10347/21538 |
DOI: | 10.1093/jac/dky440 |
ISSN: | 0305-7453 |
E-ISSN: | 1460-2091 |
Dereitos: | © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
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© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com