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dc.contributor.authorBoente Juncal, Andrea
dc.contributor.authorOtero Fuertes, María Paz
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez Filgueiras, Inés
dc.contributor.authorCamiña García, María Mercedes
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez Vieytes, María Mercedes
dc.contributor.authorVale González, María del Carmen
dc.contributor.authorBotana López, Luis Miguel
dc.date.accessioned2020-11-06T10:58:29Z
dc.date.available2020-11-06T10:58:29Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifier.citationBoente-Juncal, A.; Otero, P.; Rodríguez, I.; Camiña, M.; Rodriguez-Vieytes, M.; Vale, C.; Botana, L.M. Oral Chronic Toxicity of the Safe Tetrodotoxin Dose Proposed by the European Food Safety Authority and Its Additive Effect with Saxitoxin. Toxins 2020, 12, 312
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10347/23584
dc.description.abstractTetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent natural toxin causative of human food intoxications that shares its mechanism of action with the paralytic shellfish toxin saxitoxin (STX). Both toxins act as potent blockers of voltage-gated sodium channels. Although human intoxications by TTX were initially described in Japan, nowadays increasing concern about the regulation of this toxin in Europe has emerged due to its detection in fish and mollusks captured in European waters. Currently, TTX is only regularly monitored in Dutch fishery products. However, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has established a safety level of 44 µg/kg TTX as the amount of toxin that did not cause adverse effects in humans. This level was extrapolated considering initial data on its acute oral toxicity and EFSA remarked the need for chronic toxicity studies to further reduce the uncertainty of future toxin regulations. Thus, in this work, we evaluated the oral chronic toxicity of TTX using the safety levels initially recommended by EFSA in order to exclude potential human health risks associated with the worldwide expanding presence of TTX. Using internationally recommended guidelines for the assessment of oral chronic toxicity, the data provided here support the proposed safety level for TTX as low enough to prevent human adverse effects of TTX even after chronic daily exposure to the toxin. However, the combination of TTX with STX at doses above the maximal exposure level of 5.3 µg/kg body weight derived by EFSA increased the lethality of TTX, thus confirming that both TTX and paralytic shellfish toxins should be taken into account to assess human health risks
dc.description.sponsorshipThe research leading to these results has received funding from the following European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) cofunded grants. From Conselleria de Cultura, Educacion e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia, 2017 GRC GI-1682 (ED431C 2017/01). From the Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology (CDTI) and Technological Funds, supported by Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, (AEI/FEDER, UE), ISCIII/PI16/01830 and RTC-2016-5507-2, ITC-20161072
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.rights© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
dc.rightsAtribución 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectTetrodotoxin
dc.subjectSaxitoxin
dc.subjectRisk assessment
dc.subjectOral chronic toxicity
dc.subjectMollusk
dc.titleOral Chronic Toxicity of the Safe Tetrodotoxin Dose Proposed by the European Food Safety Authority and Its Additive Effect with Saxitoxin
dc.typejournal article
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/toxins12050312
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12050312
dc.type.hasVersionVoR
dc.identifier.essn2072-6651
dc.rights.accessRightsopen access
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fisioloxía
dc.description.peerreviewedSI


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© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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 © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)





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