Oral Toxicity of Okadaic Acid in Mice: Study of Lethality, Organ Damage, Distribution and Effects on Detoxifying Gene Expression
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Title: | Oral Toxicity of Okadaic Acid in Mice: Study of Lethality, Organ Damage, Distribution and Effects on Detoxifying Gene Expression |
Author: | Crespo Vieira, Andrés Rubiolo Gaytán, Juan Andrés López Alonso, Henar Cifuentes Martínez, José Manuel Alfonso Rancaño, María Amparo Bermúdez Pose, Roberto Otero Fuertes, María Paz Rodríguez Vieytes, María Mercedes Vega Lisi, Félix Víctor Botana López, Luis Miguel |
Affiliation: | Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Anatomía, Produción Animal e Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fisioloxía |
Subject: | Okadaic acid | Histopathology | Diarrhea | Immunohistochemistry | Liver | Superoxide dismutase 1 | Catalase | Quantitative PCR | Mice | |
Date of Issue: | 2013 |
Publisher: | MDPI |
Citation: | Vieira, A.C.; Rubiolo, J.A.; López-Alonso, H.; Cifuentes, J.M.; Alfonso, A.; Bermúdez, R.; Otero, P.; Vieytes, M.R.; Vega, F.V.; Botana, L.M. Oral Toxicity of Okadaic Acid in Mice: Study of Lethality, Organ Damage, Distribution and Effects on Detoxifying Gene Expression. Toxins 2013, 5, 2093-2108 |
Abstract: | In vivo, after administration by gavage to mice and rats, okadaic acid has been reported to produce lesions in liver, small intestine and forestomach. Because several reports differ in the damage detected in different organs, and on okadaic acid distribution after consumption, we determined the toxicity of this compound after oral administration to mice. After 24 hours, histopathological examination showed necrotic foci and lipid vacuoles in the livers of intoxicated animals. By immunohistochemical analysis, we detected this toxin in the liver and kidneys of intoxicated animals. Okadaic acid induces oxidative stress and can be activated in vitro into reactive compounds by the post-mitochondrial S9 fraction, so we studied the okadaic effect on the gene expression of antioxidant and phase II detoxifying enzymes in liver. We observed a downregulation in the expression of these enzymes and a reduction of protein expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase 1 in intoxicated animals |
Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins5112093 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10347/23597 |
DOI: | 10.3390/toxins5112093 |
E-ISSN: | 2072-6651 |
Rights: | © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) |
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