Bullying, Cyberbullying and the Overlap: What Does Age Have to Do with It?
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Title: | Bullying, Cyberbullying and the Overlap: What Does Age Have to Do with It? |
Author: | Pichel Mira, Rafael Foody, Mairéad O’Higgins-Norman, James Sanmartín Feijóo, Sandra Varela Mallou, Jesús Rial Boubeta, Antonio |
Affiliation: | Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Ciencia Política e Socioloxía |
Subject: | School bullying | Cyberbullying | Childhood | Adolescence | Age | Overlap | |
Date of Issue: | 2021 |
Publisher: | MDPI |
Citation: | Sustainability 2021, 13(15), 8527; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158527 |
Abstract: | School bullying and cyberbullying represent the most common forms of victimization during childhood and adolescence in many countries across the globe. Although they can be studied as distinct phenomena with their own defining characteristics, there is evidence to suggest that they are related and often co-occur. The present research aimed to estimate the rates of school bullying and cyberbullying, studied their evolution by age, and analyzed any possible overlap between the two. An empirical study was carried out with a large sample of children and adolescents in Galicia, Spain (N = 2083), where 10–17 year olds were presented with The European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire and European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire. School bullying was found to be more prevalent than cyberbullying, with 25.1% involved as victims and 14.3% as bully-victims, while the cyberbullying rates were 9.4% for victims and 5.8% for bully-victims. Perpetration rates were similar for school and cyberbullying (4.4% and 4.3% respectively). The overlap between both phenomena adds to the evidence for a whole-community approach to tackling all types of bullying and victimization experiences, as opposed to each in silo. The clear age differences in bullying behaviours also suggest the appropriateness of tailoring anti-bullying programs to target specific age groups |
Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158527 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10347/26790 |
DOI: | 10.3390/su13158527 |
E-ISSN: | 2071-1050 |
Rights: | © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Atribución 4.0 Internacional |
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)