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dc.contributor.authorMallah, Narmeen
dc.contributor.authorOrsini, Nicola
dc.contributor.authorFigueiras Guzmán, Adolfo
dc.contributor.authorTakkouche, Bahi
dc.date.accessioned2022-08-02T12:18:28Z
dc.date.available2022-08-02T12:18:28Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.citationEur J Health Econ 23, 1015–1035 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-021-01416-8
dc.identifier.issn1618-7598
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10347/28989
dc.description.abstractObjectives: To quantify the association between income and antibiotic misuse including unprescribed use, storage of antibiotics and non-adherence. Methods: We identified pertinent studies through database search, and manual examination of reference lists of selected articles and review reports. We performed a dose–response meta-analysis of income, both continuous and categorical, in relation to antibiotic misuse. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated under a random-effects random effects model. Results: Fifty-seven studies from 22 countries of different economic class were included. Overall, the data are in agreement with a flat linear association between income standardized to socio-economic indicators and antibiotic misuse (OR per 1 unit increment = 1.00, p-value = 0.954, p-value non-linearity = 0.429). Data were compatible with no association between medium and high income with general antibiotic misuse (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.89, 1.20 and OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.82, 1.29). Medium income was associated with 19% higher odds of antibiotic storage (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.07, 1.32) and 18% higher odds of any aspect of antibiotic misuse in African studies (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.00, 1.39). High income was associated with 51% lower odds of non-adherence to antibiotic treatment (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.34, 0.60). High income was also associated with 11% higher odds of any antibiotic misuse in upper-middle wealth countries (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.00, 1.22). Conclusions: The association between income and antibiotic misuse varies by type of misuse and country wellness. Understanding the socioeconomic properties of antibiotic misuse should prove useful in developing related intervention programs and health policies
dc.description.sponsorshipOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.rights© The Author(s) 2021. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectIncome
dc.subjectAntibiotics
dc.subjectMisuse
dc.subjectMeta-analysis
dc.subjectDose–response
dc.titleIncome level and antibiotic misuse: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis
dc.typejournal article
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10198-021-01416-8
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-021-01416-8
dc.type.hasVersionVoR
dc.identifier.essn1618-7601
dc.rights.accessRightsopen access
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina
dc.description.peerreviewedSI


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© The Author(s) 2021. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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 © The Author(s) 2021. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/





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