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New Invertebrate Vectors of Okadaic Acid from the North Atlantic Waters—Portugal (Azores and Madeira) and Morocco
(MDPI, 2015)
Okadaic acid and its analogues are potent phosphatase inhibitors that cause Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) through the ingestion of contaminated shellfish by humans. This group of toxins is transmitted worldwide but ...
Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast)
(MDPI, 2019)
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent alkaloid typically from tropical ecosystems, but in the last
decade its presence has been more pronounced in the temperate waters of the Atlantic. In its last
scientific opinion, the European ...
Evaluation of the impact of mild steaming and heat treatment on the concentration of okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-2 and dinophysistoxin-3 in mussels
(MDPI, 2016-06)
This study explores the effect of laboratory and industrial steaming on mussels with toxin
concentrations above and below the legal limit. We used mild conditions for steaming, 100 ˝C for 5 min in industrial processing, ...
The association of bacterial C9-based TTX-like compounds with Prorocentrum minimum opens new uncertainties about shellfish seafood safety
(Nature Publishing Group, 2017-01)
In 2012, Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was identified in mussels and linked to the presence of Prorocentrum minimum (P. minimum) in Greece. The connexion between TTX and P. minimum was further studied in this paper. First, the presence ...
LC–MS/MS Analysis of the Emerging Toxin Pinnatoxin-G and High Levels of Esterified OA Group Toxins in Galician Commercial Mussels
(MDPI, 2019)
The occurrence of marine harmful algae is increasing worldwide and, therefore,
the accumulation of lipophilic marine toxins from harmful phytoplankton represents a food safety threat
in the shellfish industry. Galicia, ...
First Detection of Tetrodotoxin in Greek Shellfish by UPLC-MS/MS Potentially Linked to the Presence of the Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum
(MDPI, 2015)
During official shellfish control for the presence of marine biotoxins in Greece in year 2012, a series of unexplained positive mouse bioassays (MBA) for lipophilic toxins with nervous symptomatology prior to mice death ...
How Safe Is Safe for Marine Toxins Monitoring?
(MDPI AG, 2016-07-06)
Current regulation for marine toxins requires a monitoring method based on mass spectrometric analysis. This method is pre-targeted, hence after searching for pre-assigned masses, it identifies those compounds that were ...
Structure elucidation and biological evaluation of Maitotoxin-3, a Homologue of Gambierone, from Gambierdiscus belizeanus
(MDPI, 2019)
Gambierdiscus species are the producers of the marine toxins ciguatoxins and maitotoxins which cause worldwide human intoxications recognized as Ciguatera Fish Poisoning. A deep chemical investigation of a cultured strain ...
First Report of Ciguatoxins in Two Starfish Species: Ophidiaster ophidianus and Marthasterias glacialis
(MDPI, 2015)
Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is a syndrome caused by the ingestion of fish contaminated with Ciguatoxins (CTXs). These phycotoxins are produced mainly by dinoflagellates that belong to the genus Gambierdiscus that are ...